7 Things to Know About PrEP: A Medication That Helps Prevent HIV

Health care visits—whether with a primary care provider, OB-GYN, or community clinic—are an important opportunity to talk about sexual and reproductive health. One topic that deserves more routine discussion is HIV prevention, including the use of medication known as PrEP.

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) attacks the immune system and increases the risk of serious infections and illnesses. Without treatment, HIV can progress to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). HIV is a lifelong condition, but with modern medicine it is treatable—and, importantly, largely preventable.

In addition to safer sex practices and harm-reduction strategies, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has become a highly effective option for preventing HIV. Below are seven key things everyone should know about PrEP.

1. PrEP is highly effective in preventing HIV

PrEP uses a combination of medications that prevent HIV from establishing infection in the body. When taken as prescribed, PrEP reduces the risk of acquiring HIV from sexual exposure by about 99%, and from injection drug use by at least 74%. Consistent use is essential for maximum protection.

2. PrEP is for anyone who may be at risk for HIV

HIV can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender identity, sexual orientation, or relationship status. PrEP is intended for people who are HIV-negative and may have an increased risk of exposure to HIV, which is transmitted through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, rectal fluids, and breast milk.

Health care providers are encouraged to discuss PrEP with all sexually active patients. PrEP may be recommended if you:

·       Have had anal or vaginal sex in the past 6 months and:

ü  Have a partner living with HIV

ü  Do not consistently use condoms

ü  Have had a recent sexually transmitted infection (STI)

·       Inject drugs and:

ü  Share needles or injection equipment

ü  Have an injection partner living with HIV

·       Have taken post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and:

ü  Have ongoing risk factors

ü  Have needed PEP more than once

3. PrEP is available as pills or injections

PrEP was first approved as a once-daily pill. More recently, an injectable form given every two months has also been approved. Both options are effective, and the choice depends on individual preferences, lifestyle, and medical guidance.

PrEP does not provide immediate protection.

• For anal sex, daily pills reach full effectiveness after about 7 days
• For vaginal sex and injection drug use, full protection takes about 20 days

·       PrEP does not protect against other STIs or prevent pregnancy, so condoms and appropriate birth control should still be used when needed.

4. PrEP can be started and stopped based on need

People may use PrEP during different periods of their lives, depending on their level of HIV risk. PrEP should only be taken while a person remains HIV-negative. Anyone considering starting or stopping PrEP should do so with medical guidance.

While on PrEP, routine follow-up visits—typically every three months—are recommended. These visits include HIV testing, STI screening, and monitoring overall health such as kidney function. If PrEP is discontinued, it is advised to continue for at least one month after the last possible HIV exposure.

5. PrEP pills are safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Research shows that oral PrEP pills are safe to use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The injectable form is not currently recommended during these periods. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should discuss ongoing HIV risk and prevention options with their health care provider.

6. PrEP does not interfere with hormone therapy

PrEP does not appear to reduce the effectiveness of hormone therapy. This includes hormone treatment for menopause as well as gender-affirming hormone care.

7. PrEP is more accessible and affordable than ever

Cost was once a major barrier to PrEP access. Today, most private insurance plans and Medicaid programs cover PrEP and related clinical services. Assistance programs are also available for individuals who are uninsured or underinsured.

Prevention Matters

Advances in HIV treatment have transformed outcomes, but prevention remains essential. Conversations about HIV prevention should be as routine as discussions about contraception, vaccines, and regular health screenings.

If you think PrEP may be right for you, a health care provider can help you make an informed decision in a confidential and supportive setting. Open and honest communication allows providers to offer the best guidance to protect your health.

At LifeCare Partners Nevada, education, prevention, and compassionate care are at the center of our mission—because staying informed is one of the most powerful tools for staying healthy.